ÖBB Annual Report 2025

219 Consolidated Financial Statements Österreichische Bundesbahnen-Holding Aktiengesellschaft Consolidated Financial Statements | Group Management Report 27 Contract assets and contract liabilities Contract assets relate to the ÖBB Group’s conditional claims to payment in return for the complete fulfillment of contractual services. Claims from contract assets, less amounts already charged to customers, are also reported under trade receivables. The amount is charged to the customer when the Group has fulfilled its obligations. Contract liabilities relate to payments received prematurely, i.e. before the contractual performance obligation has been fulfilled. These are recognized as revenue as soon as the ÖBB Group has fulfilled its contractual obligations. In both reporting years, contract assets and contract liabilities were identified and reported under trade receivables or other liabilities respectively. Further details are provided in Notes 20 and 27. Revenue recognition The ÖBB Group recognizes revenue when it fulfills a performance obligation by transferring a promised good or service to a customer. An asset or service is transferred when the customer obtains control of the asset or service. Revenues correspond to the contractually agreed transaction price. In the majority of cases return services are due when the legal title has been transferred. In rare cases, deferred payments may be agreed, but these generally do not exceed twelve months. No significant financing component is therefore taken into account in the transaction price. If significant financing components exist, they are recognized in the statement of comprehensive income separately from revenues from contracts with customers if, at the inception of the contract, it is expected that the period between transfer and payment for the goods or services will be more than one year. There are no other significant variable components of the transaction price. If costs that can be capitalized arise in connection with the initiation of a contract or in connection with the fulfillment of a contract with a customer, and the contract term is more than one year, they are capitalized. The ÖBB Group has not identified any such contracts for which the contract term exceeds one year and for which capitalizable costs, which have not already been capitalized in accordance with IAS16, have been incurred to a significant extent when initiating or fulfilling the contract. Accordingly, no contract initiation or fulfillment costs were capitalized. Description of the most important revenue items from contracts with customers ÖBB Infrastruktur sub-group Infrastructure usage charge (IBE) The railway operators (TOCs) are charged track access charges for using the ÖBB Infrastruktur Group’s rail infrastructure (infrastructure usage charge). The contracts contain the orders of the individual TOCs and are concluded by the ÖBB Infra- struktur Group with the TOCs. These orders are based on the Network Statement, which contains a list of the individual services for each working timetable period (e.g., for the minimum access package and the service facilities and services, such as railway stations and shunting). The charges per service and any surcharges or discounts are published in the Net- work Statement. They are applied on a non-discriminatory basis to all TOCs (without granting discounts). The basic provisions for calculating and setting track access and service charges are contained in Sections 67 to 69b of the Railways Act. The definition of the services to be provided for the TOCs is fundamental to the formation of charges. A key service of the ÖBB Infrastructure sub-group is the so-called “train path” product (minimum access package). The minimum access package includes the main range of services without which orderly access to the railway infrastructure would not be possible. The track access charges are published annually in the Network Statement of ÖBB-Infrastruktur AG in accordance with the law. The TOCs order their train paths for the working timetable period on the basis of the published Network Statement. Services are invoiced monthly and are based on an ACTUAL calculation. The services ordered are invoiced to the customer one month in arrears. The customer benefits from the corporate group’s service and uses the service while it is being provided. Any refund claims that are uncertain both in terms of their merit and their amounts, that depend on future events, and that could lead to an imminent outflow of resources in the future are recognized in accordance with IAS 37. The amount of the possible repayment claim is estimated, and a corresponding provision made. The billing for the month of December is still recorded in the year of delivery. No accruals are therefore required.